Facial biotype frequency by Ricketts cephalometric analysis using VERT in children.

Abstract

Introduction: Facial biotype corresponds to a set of morpho-differential characteristics of people of the same species, in relation to certain common features of the facial skeleton, determined by genetics and the environment. Aim: To determine frequency of the most frequent facial biotype by Ricketts cephalometric analysis specifically VERT in children aged 5-8 years. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study, which included 19 children from the pediatric stomatology clinic of the FES-I UNAM. Five parameters were included for the analysis of Ricketts cephalometry, specifically VERT: facial depth, facial axis, mandibular plane, lower facial height, and mandibular arch, in addition to the variables of age and sex. For the statistical analysis, Student's t tests were used to compare the means by age and sex groups and One-way ANOVA to compare means of facial biotype. Results: 42.1% presented mesofacial biotype, 15.8% dolichofacial, 15.8% mild dolichofacial and only 10.5% severe brachyfacial. For variables: facial depth, facial axis, mandibular plane, lower facial height and mandibular arch, differences were found when comparing the means by facial biotype (p<0.05). Only the mandibular plane angle was higher in girls compared to boys (31.5 vs 25.4; p=0.010), respectively. Conclusions: Approximately 40% of sample presented mesofacial biotype, in addition differences were found between the five parameters of VERT analysis. The analysis of the facial profile is important since it is a diagnostic element that allows us to determine the type of growth of a patient.