Gingival fibromatosis in pediatric dental patients: a narrative review

Abstract

Introduction: Gingival fibromatosis is a benign, slowly progressive condition characterized by gingival overgrowth, which can affect mastication, speech, and aesthetics. Its etiology is multifactorial and includes hereditary, idiopathic, and drug-induced forms. Clinical variability and potential syndromic associations make diagnosis and treatment particularly challenging. Objective: To conduct a literature review on gingival fibromatosis in pediatric dental patients, synthesizing the main findings and current knowledge. Revision: Gingival fibromatosis can be localized or generalized, with higher prevalence in children and adolescents. The idiopathic form occurs without an identifiable cause, while the hereditary type may appear in isolation or in association with genetic syndromes. Clinically, the gingiva is firm, with normal coloration, and may cover the teeth. Histologically, there is proliferation of dense connective tissue with thick collagen fibers. Treatment is primarily surgical (gingivectomy, laser surgery, or electrosurgery). Regular follow-up is essential due to the risk of recurrence. Multidisciplinary approaches have shown to be more effective. Conclusion: Although rare, gingival fibromatosis can significantly impact quality of life. Early identification of the underlying etiology and an individualized treatment plan are crucial. Surgical intervention is common but requires ongoing monitoring due to recurrence. Advances in genetics and surgical techniques have contributed to improved prognoses. Recommendations: Early and accurate diagnosis, especially in children, supported by clinical examinations and genetic studies. Individualized treatment plans and multidisciplinary care teams are recommended, along with continued support for research in this area.