Coxsackie's disease and the oral cavity: what every dentist should know

Abstract

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease is a self-limiting viral infection that primarily affects children under 10 years old, most commonly caused by the Coxsackie A16 virus. It is characterized by fever, sore throat, and painful vesicular lesions on the oral mucosa, palms, and soles. In recent years, an increase in cases has been reported in various regions of Mexico, particularly in school settings. Although it generally has a benign course, complications such as nail shedding and dehydration may occur. Pediatric dentists are often the first professionals to recognize oral manifestations, which are among the earliest signs of the disease. This literature-based review describes clinical characteristics, complications, differential diagnosis, and symptomatic management strategies. Treatment is supportive, focusing on fever and pain control, and the use of mouth rinses and topical agents appropriate for the patient’s age. Dental professionals play a key role in early diagnosis, guiding caregivers, implementing preventive measures, and referring patients to medical care when necessary. Early detection and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for controlling outbreaks and reducing complications in school populations.