Oral rehabilitation in a pediatric patient with a structural enamel defect

Abstract

Introduction: Developmental enamel defects (DED) are structural alterations originating during the formation of dental enamel, either due to failures in matrix secretion or mineralization. They are classified into quantitative (hypoplasia) and qualitative (opacities) defects, and their etiology is multifactorial, involving prenatal factors, systemic diseases in early childhood, and metabolic disorders such as calcium and phosphorus deficiency. Case presentation: A 23-month-old female patient with a generalized enamel defect in the primary dentition, manifested by opacity, roughness, pits, lines, and caries lesions. Medical history revealed an episode of high fever, respiratory distress, and dehydration, and hospitalization in the first days of life. A presumptive diagnosis of hypoplastic developmental enamel defects was made; due to the patient's uncooperative behavior, minimally invasive rehabilitation under protective stabilization was chosen. Restorations were performed with celluloid veneers and direct composite resins, complemented by biofilm control and preventive education for parents. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to the treatment of developmental enamel defects, in order to restore function and aesthetics and prevent future oral and psychological complications.