Oral pathologies in infants: early detection and clinical management

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health in the early years of life represents a fundamental pillar for the child’s overall development, as it directly affects essential functions such as feeding, speech, breathing, and socialization. At this early stage, the oral cavity is particularly vulnerable to several pathologies that, if not recognized and managed in a timely manner, may compromise not only oral health but also the general well-being of the infant and their family. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of oral lesions in young children, as well as their diagnosis and clinical management, highlighting the importance of family involvement and professional training in pediatric dentistry. Materials and Methods: A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted on the prevalence of oral lesions in children, based on clinical and anatomopathological records from the Oral Pathology Laboratory of a School of Dentistry, over a period of 20 years. Results: Data analysis allowed the identification of the main lesions observed in infants and young children, including candidiasis, traumatic ulcers, hemangiomas, eruption cysts, and eruptive disturbances. The findings confirmed that these conditions, although generally benign, require early diagnosis and proper management to prevent complications. Conclusions: Modern pediatric dentistry should address child oral health from a comprehensive perspective that integrates prevention, early diagnosis, and timely treatment, with emphasis on education and family support. A solid and multidisciplinary training of the pediatric dentist is essential to intervene with sensitivity, empathy, and precision, thus ensuring healthier and more holistic child development.