Management of fear and anxiety in pediatric dentistry using nitrous oxide

Abstract

Introduction: Visiting the dentist can generate fear and anxiety in a large portion of the population, representing one of the main challenges in clinical practice. Although behavior management techniques exist, they are not always sufficient to reduce these sensations. In such cases, it becomes necessary to resort to additional strategies that allow for adequate care. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is presented as a safe and effective alternative for controlling dental anxiety. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of N₂O as an alternative for controlling fear and anxiety in pediatric dentistry. Presentation of the topic: N₂O is a colorless gas with a mild, sweet odor. From a pharmacological standpoint, it is inert, non-toxic, non-irritating, non-flammable, and non-explosive, although it is an oxidizing agent. Its medical use dates back to Horace Wells, who administered it for the first time to a dental patient. In therapeutic applications, it is mainly used as an inducer of general anesthesia, in combination with other inhaled agents. In dentistry, there are specific protocols for administration and dosage, as it is always combined with oxygen in a proportion of up to 50%. Conclusions: N₂O is a highly useful tool in dentistry for managing fear, anxiety, and nervousness, in both pediatric and adult patients.