Orthopedic and aesthetic management in a female patient with non-syndromic oligodontia. Case report.

Abstract

Introduction. Oligodontia is a rare form of tooth agenesis with a prevalence of 0.09%. It involves syndromic, genetic, hereditary, and environmental factors. It consists of the absence of six or more teeth, and is uncommon in the deciduous dentition. It can be classified as syndromic if there are craniofacial clinical aspects or non-syndromic when it does not present other clinical manifestations. Case report: A 9-year-old female patient attended the postgraduate pediatric dentistry clinic at the Centro de Atención Médico Integral of the Centro Universitario de Los Altos. Her mother reported the reason for consultation: "She lost a lower tooth; her baby tooth never erupted." The patient had no relevant medical history. Extraoral examination revealed no abnormalities, while intraoral examination showed absence of teeth 52, 41, and 42. Radiographic examination confirmed absence of teeth 52, 12, 22, 41, and 42, with tooth 82 also considered congenitally missing. The patient was diagnosed with skeletal Class I malocclusion with mandibular retrusion and a deep bite. The treatment plan included placement of an upper anterior bite plane and a lower aesthetic appliance. Conclusions: Oligodontia often negatively impacts self-esteem. Temporary rehabilitative treatment aims to meet aesthetic and functional needs until the patient reaches adulthood, at which point definitive treatment such as implants and orthodontics may be pursued.